Tag Archives: Essay Samples
Factors driving the Growth in International Trade in Higher Education
Sample Term Paper
Words 1,760
International trade in higher education is being driven by a number of factors, one of which is the flow and accessibility of information technology, especially the internet. The internet has lowered the cost of programme delivery (Mazzarol et al 1998, De Boer 2003, Bashir 2007) through e-learning where students can learn through the internet, and by using email communication. E-learning is popular for some as it also reduces the costs associated with travel and the tuition fees are likely to be less than normal class tuition. As travel and migration have gotten easier, another factor driving the growth of higher education is that of the possibility of temporary or permanent migration (Teichler and Jahr 2001, Bashir 2007) which means that international students will consider whether they want to establish links with that country before making a decision on studying. This is where the importance of immigration laws are prominent, as favourable regulations like those in the US will allow students time to look for work or secure full time employment. For example, Finn (2003) stated that up to 90% of Chinese and Indian students who earned doctorates in the US in the 1990s, remained in the country after completing their studies. Other countries like New Zealand use the prospect of a work permit as an international marketing tool (Education New Zealand Trust 2004), which also helps in alleviating labour shortages which will ultimately cost central governments more.
Economic Growth of China: Essay
Sample Term Paper
Words 1,437
To keep its exchange rate hooked to the dollar, China was the biggest buyer of American Treasury bonds over the past year. In the first six months of 2005, its foreign-exchange reserves improved by more than $100 billion, to $711 billion, of which about three-quarters are in dollars. This has also reserved capital costs artificially low. The effect of a Chinese revaluation on the overall U.S. current account, however, is likely to be much larger than the influence on the bilateral trade balance alone. The reason is that China may be the key to a general realignment of Asian currencies. (The Economist) The cumulative effect on the overall U.S. current account deficit of such a general realignment of Asian currencies in response to a 20 percent revaluation of the yuan would be several times the $10 billion estimated reduction in the U.S. bilateral trade deficit with China. However experts argue that revaluing of Chinese currency will not be as effective as thought according to Bottelier (2003):
The root cause of the US trade and current account deficit problem is the low domestic savings rate, definitely not China’s exchange rate. The US savings shortfall is compensated by foreign capital inflows, especially from Japan and China. An undervalued nominal exchange rate does usually not remain undervalued for very long, because sustained large balance of payments surpluses usually lead to higher inflation in the surplus country which drives up its real exchange rate which is the rate that matters most in international competition.
In my view in spite of the pegged currency, China is a force to be reckoned with, and its huge export industry is formidable. In addition, if the pegged currency becomes free floating it may decrease the trade deficit; however, United States’ reliance on Chinese goods will not diminish, instead it is bound to increase.
Developing an international marketing strategy for UK higher education institutions
Sample Term Paper
Words 1,760
The issue at hand here, is that the UK higher education sector’s international marketing strategy, is not taking advantage of the benefits of studying in the UK, and it is also not coming up with strategies to make it more competitive. It seems other English speaking countries have taken advantage of the effects of globalisation by coming up with novel and innovative methods of retaining their recruitment levels of international students. It also seems that the international marketing strategies being used for UK institutions no longer apply in their entirety to the current educational environment, as they closely support the internationalism theory, which some may say no longer exists. On the other hand, globalisation has been cited as the main factor for the decline in the UK’s competitive position and the resulting changes in marketing strategies, employed by other higher education sectors. Globalisation also means that private businesses have a stake in the recruitment of international students, as this is a potential labour source, and an opportunity to provide staffing for multinational companies (Brown and Ternouth 2006). However, the UK higher education sector seems to have its administration and overall management controlled by central government, which may explain why some countries have been able to take a more proactive approach in international marketing and the UK has maintained its institutions like the British Council. The British institutions do help to pass on the country’s values and ideologies of fairness and equality, but this same system may be slowing down the process of changing marketing methods, and also slowing down the reaction towards globalisation.
