Sample Term Paper

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This term paper is on the mesoamerican civilization. Aztecs were the last great civilization in Mesoamerica. They came to the Valley of Mexico and established their capital in A.D. 1325 at Tenochtitlán.

Aztecs were the last great civilization in Mesoamerica. They came to the Valley of Mexico and established their capital in A.D. 1325 at Tenochtitlán, under modern Mexico City, on a marshy island. They constructed chinampas raised farm plots, causeways, and an inspiring capital, and through conquest and alliance created a large empire by the time the Spanish arrived in the early sixteenth century. Then Cortez and his conquistadors from Europe defeated the native rulers, generally with their germs, and built their own city on top of the site.

From at least 2000 B.C., Mesoamerican religious traditions, like the region itself, started to develop a unique identity. In fact, one of the strongest early expressions on the archaeological record that recommend incipient political and social integration above the level of village cultures strike in the form of supernatural motifs in what is known as the Olmec Style. This is most obviously expressed in hundreds of objects rendered in such diverse media as monumental sculpture, carved jade figurines, ceramics, and mosaic pavements that portray a “baby-faced” human-jaguar motif.

In its fundamental elements, ancient Andean civilizations exists geographically much as it is today in Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and parts of Chile. Though these civilizations are called “Andean” it should be pointed out that some of the most vital civilizations occurred on the coasts of Peru. The ecological and climatic range of Andean civilizations is even greater than its geographical scattering and it extends to cultures found at sea level to cities located at well over 14,000 feet in the Bolivian altiplano. Like all other civilizations Andean culture was originate on agriculture, which permitted for the formation of a large and sedentary population with free time to devote to cultural development between harvest and sowing.

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